Meeting Critical Laboratory Needs for Animal Agriculture: by unknow

Author:unknow
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: ebook, book
Publisher: The National Academies Press
Published: 2012-07-13T00:00:00+00:00

FIGURE 3-4 Rates of performance improvement of recombinant-DNA technology and synthetic biology. SOURCE: Aldrich et al. (2007). Reprinted with permission from Bio Economic Research Associates, LLC (bio-era™). All rights reserved.

High biocontainment will be required in the near term for development, testing and validation of some of those approaches. Eventually, their application to plant and animal health will reduce, but not eliminate, the requirement for specialized laboratory space.

50-Year Lifespan of the Facility

With forethought and proper planning, the design of a facility with a lifespan of 50 years would take into account changes that might take place during the life of the building. They include changes in policy, research priorities, technological developments, societal norms, and global interactions. For example, as noted above, technological advances will shorten the time to diagnosis and expand the array of infections detectable with point-of-care or pen-side assays and reduce laboratory-based testing. Single catastrophic events, such as a massive outbreak or a terrorist event, can change the landscape of a research field and its associated policies.

The decade after the 9/11 and 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States saw unprecedented changes in the regulatory and oversight environment for biomedical research in the United States. The confluence of those two events had substantial effects on laboratory security and safety procedures that limited access to dangerous pathogens and altered research priorities. Similar increased awareness of security and safety issues has occurred on a global level. The new regulatory environment—on both the national and the international levels—is subject to constant adjustment and adaptation, and therefore would require that greater emphasis be placed on the harmonization of regulations: future national animal agricultural infrastructure and policies would need to be planned with the potential for these changes in mind.

Similarly, societal values and public attitudes related to the welfare of agricultural animals continue to evolve (Blokhuis et al., 2008). Organizations such as OIE are actively promoting the importance of integrating animal health, animal welfare, and food safety. Although the United States currently does not legislate food animal welfare,12 the European Commission recently adopted a new 4-year strategy (2012-2015) to improve the welfare of animals in the European Union.13

Research and development in animal protection will require BSL-3Ag and ABSL-4 for decades to come. Researchers will need to understand disease pathogenesis to develop efficient detection and diagnostic methods or new vaccines. For example, some animals immunized with inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines are still capable of maintaining persistent infection (Kitching, 2002). The variability of foot-and-mouth disease serotypes restricts the use of existing vaccine stocks in an outbreak until a full epidemiological characterization has been carried out and studies to determine whether the vaccine will provide sufficient immunity against the viral outbreak strain have been conducted (Rodriguez and Gay, 2011). Furthermore, if vaccines are used to control an outbreak, the ability to detect infection in vaccinated animals and to differentiate between infected and immunized animals is required if animal products are to be moved within the country and globally. As more is understood about disease progression and virulence

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